The borders of countries can vary greatly in length, ranging from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters. Some countries share very short borders with their neighbors due to geographical, historical, or political reasons. Here is a look at five countries with the shortest or thinnest borders in the world, and the stories behind them.
1. Botswana and Zambia (Border: 150 meters)
Botswana and Zambia share one of the shortest borders in the world, stretching only 150 meters. This tiny boundary lies at the confluence of two major rivers, the Zambezi and the Chobe. The border was officially established after disputes over river crossings and access to trade routes. Although the border is extremely short, it plays an important role in connecting the two countries. A ferry service operated for many years to help people and goods cross the Zambezi River. In 2021, the Kazungula Bridge was built, creating a modern and permanent link between the two nations. This bridge also connects Botswana and Zambia with other countries in the region, such as Namibia and Zimbabwe, promoting trade and travel in Southern Africa.
2. Spain and Gibraltar (Border: 1.2 kilometers)
Spain shares a very short border with Gibraltar, a small British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. The border is only 1.2 kilometers long and marks the division between Spanish land and Gibraltar’s territory. This border has been a source of political tension between Spain and the United Kingdom for centuries, as Spain claims sovereignty over Gibraltar. Despite the disputes, the border remains open for trade and travel, with thousands of people crossing daily for work or tourism. Gibraltar is known for its strategic position overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar, which connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.
3. India and Sri Lanka (Border: 50 kilometers, separated by sea)
Although India and Sri Lanka do not share a land border, the Palk Strait between them is one of the narrowest maritime separations between two countries. The distance across the strait is about 50 kilometers, but at its narrowest point, known as Adam’s Bridge or Rama’s Bridge, the distance is less than 50 meters. This natural formation of limestone shoals has historical and mythological significance. While there is no official border crossing here, the close proximity between the two nations has led to strong cultural, religious, and economic ties. There have also been discussions about building a bridge or tunnel to connect the two countries, although such a project remains unfulfilled.
4. Liechtenstein and Austria (Border: 34 kilometers)
Liechtenstein is a small, landlocked country in Central Europe, and it shares a short border with Austria that stretches just 34 kilometers. The border runs through the Alpine region, making it largely mountainous and less populated. Liechtenstein is one of the smallest countries in the world, and its short borders reflect its size. Despite its small territory, Liechtenstein maintains close diplomatic and economic relations with its neighbors, including Austria. The border is part of the Schengen Area, allowing free movement of people without the need for border checks.
5. Monaco and France (Border: 5.5 kilometers)
Monaco, a tiny principality on the Mediterranean coast, shares a 5.5-kilometer border with France. Surrounded almost entirely by French territory, Monaco is the second smallest country in the world after Vatican City. Its border with France is defined by its hilly terrain and urban areas, seamlessly blending with the French Riviera. Despite its small size, Monaco is famous for its wealth, luxury, and attractions like the Monte Carlo Casino and the Formula 1 Grand Prix. The border is open, and many people commute daily between Monaco and nearby French towns. France also provides defense and other services to Monaco under a special agreement, highlighting the close relationship between the two nations.
These thin or short borders demonstrate how geography and history can shape the boundaries between countries. While some of these borders are in remote or challenging areas, others are located in urban or highly strategic regions. Whether small or large, every border plays a crucial role in defining a nation’s identity and fostering connections with its neighbors. These examples also show how borders, no matter how short, can be both practical and symbolic in international relations.
